Main findings - HTML PDF - 1.5 MB
	Cofinancing between the Netherlands
	and the World Bank, 1975–1996
	Policy and Operations Evaluation Department, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
	Contents
	List of maps, figures and tables	xi
	Abbreviations	xiii
	Glossary xix	xxvii
	Exchange rates	xxix
	Main findings and conclusions	xxix
	Introduction
	PART I CONTEXT
	1 Objectives, scope and methodology of the evaluation	3
	...1 Background	3
	...2 Classification and identification of cofinanced activities	4
	...3 Analysis of cofinanced activities	7
	...4 Objectives of the evaluation—Key questions	9
	......1 General	9
	......2 The added value of cofinancing	10
	......3 Additional questions	11
	...5 Organisation of the study	11
	...6 Scope of the evaluation	13
	2 The World Bank and cofinancing	15
	...1 Sources and types of cofinancing in the World Bank	15
	...2 Objectives of cofinancing	16
	...3 The importance of cofinancing in the World Bank	17
	...4 Institutional and managerial issues related to cofinancing	20
	...5 Concluding remarks on World Bank policies and procedures regarding cofinancing	24
	3 The Netherlands and cofinancing 1975–96	25
	...1 Cofinancing policies	25
	...2 Legal arrangements	28
	...3 Overview of cofinancing 1975–96	33
	......1 The volume of cofinancing	33
	......2 Cofinancing by sector	36
	......3 Cofinancing by region and country	39
	......4 The number of cofinanced activities	41
	......5 Concluding remarks	43
	4 Background to the country studies	45
	...1 Ghana	45
	......1 Historical, political, economic and social context	45
	......2 Official Development Assistance	51
	......3 Dutch aid	53
	......4 Cofinancing between the Netherlands and the World Bank: an overview	54
	...2 Pakistan	57
	......1 Political, economic and social context	57
	......2 Official Development Assistance	63
	......3 Dutch aid	64
	......4 Cofinancing between the Netherlands and the World Bank: an overview	65
	...3 Uganda	67
	......1 Historical, political, economic and social context	67
	......2 Official Development Assistance	74
	......3 Dutch aid	75
	......4 Cofinancing between the Netherlands and the World Bank: an overview	77
	PART II PROGRAMME AID	85
	5 Ghana	83
	...1 Introductory remarks related to the methodological approach	83
	...2 The Recovery Programme 1983–96: an overview	84
	...3 Reconstruction Import Credits (1983–88)	87
	...4 Structural Adjustment Credits (1987–90)	91
	...5 Agricultural Sector Adjustment Credit (1992–95)	96
	...6 Macroeconomic evaluation	99
	......1 Policy changes 1983–96	99
	......2 Economic development 1983–96	102
	......3 A regional profile of development	103
	......4 Poverty and gender issues	106
	......5 Three specific questions	109
	......6 Final remarks on the macroeconomic evaluation	111
	...7 Conclusions	112
	6 Uganda	117
	...1 Introductory remarks related to the methodological approach	117
	...2 Reconstruction Credits (1981–87)	117
	...3 Economic Recovery Credits (1987–94)	127
	...4 Structural Adjustment Credits (1991–96)	132
	...5 Debt relief transactions	137
	...6 Macroeconomic evaluation	144
	......1 Economic development 1981–96	144
	......2 Evaluation of macroeconomic performance	149
	......3 Poverty and gender issues: what is known on poverty in Uganda?	151
	......4 Three specific questions	156
	...7 Conclusions	159
	7 Programme aid: other countries	163
	...1 Selection of programme aid	163
	...2 Cofinanced programme aid covered by IOB Country Studies	165
	......1 Bolivia	165
	......2 India	172
	......3 Mali	175
	......4 Tanzania	179
	...3 Cofinanced programme aid covered by Project Performance Audit Reports	183
	...4 Conclusions	193
	8 Conclusions on programme aid	197
	...1 Policy relevance and compatibility	197
	...2 Effectiveness	199
	...3 Efficiency	200
	...4 The sustainability of results	201
	...5 Concluding remarks	202
	PART III PROJECT AID
	9 Ghana	207
	...1 Second Telecommunications Project (1988–96)	207
	...2 Second Transport Rehabilitation Project (1991–)	215
	...3 National Electrification Project (1993–)	218
	...4 Conclusions	222
	10 Pakistan	225
	...1 Rural development	225
	...2 Social sector	230
	...3 Energy and industry	233
	...4 Multisector activities	238
	...5 Conclusions	241
	11 Uganda	243
	...1 Civil Service Reform (since 1993)	243
	...2 Uganda Veterans Assistance Programme (1992–96)	248
	...3 Community Action Programme and Northern Uganda Reconstruction Programme (1992–96)	253
	...4 Conclusions	261
	12 Other countries	263
	...1 Selection of project aid	263
	...2 Cofinanced project aid covered by IOB Country Studies	265
	......1 Bangladesh	265
	......2 Egypt	269
	......3 India	272
	......4 Mali	273
	......5 Tanzania	275
	...3 Cofinanced project aid covered by Project Performance Audit Reports	277
	...4 Conclusions	280
	PART IV FREE-STANDING TRUST FUNDS
	13 Overview of Free-Standing Trusts Funds	286
	...1 Overview	286
	...2 Global FSTF	287
	...3 Single-Purpose (Ad-Hoc) FSTF	290
	...4 Concluding remarks	291
	14 Consultant Trust Funds	293
	...1 The Netherlands Consultant Trust Fund (NCTF)	293
	...2 The Technical Assistance Trust Fund for Eastern Europe and Central Asia	296
	...3 The Technical Assistance Grant Programme for the Environment (TAGPE)/Environment Consultant .....Trust Fund (ECTF)	298
	...4 The Poverty Assessment Trust Fund	300
	...5 Evolution of policies regarding Consultant Trust Funds	303
	...6 Evaluation	304
	15 Free-Standing Trust Funds in the energy sector	307
	...1 Overview	307
	...2 Energy Sector Management Assistance Programme (ESMAP)	308
	...3 Other FSTF in the energy sector	312
	...4 Evolution of FSTF in the energy sector	315
	...5 Evaluation	316
	16 Overall conclusions on project aid	319
	...1 Overall conclusion	319
	...2 Policy relevance and compatibility	320
	...3 Effectiveness	320
	...4 Efficiency	321
	...5 Sustainability of results	321
	PART V COFINANCING AND THE DUTCH PRIVATE SECTOR
	17 Cofinancing and the Dutch private sector	325
	...1 Objectives and scope of the evaluation	325
	...2 Export Credit Cofinancing 1980–96	326
	......1 Dutch policy instruments	326
	......2 World Bank policy instruments	329
	......3 Export credit financing and cofinancing with the World Bank 1980–96	329
	......4 Four specific questions	333
	...3 Commercial cofinancing	335
	......1 World Bank policy instruments	335
	......2 Dutch commercial cofinancing with the World Bank 1976–96	337
	......3 Four specific questions	340
	...4 The World Bank, cofinancing and supplies by the Dutch private sector
	......1 Dutch supplies under the cofinancing programme	341
	......2 Dutch supplies under International Competitive Bidding	341
	......3 Overall supplies by the Dutch private sector	342
	...5 Annual consultations with the World Bank	342
	PART VI COFINANCING AS AN AID INSTRUMENT
	18 Management	347
	...1 Identification, classification and analysis of cofinanced activities	347
	...2 The management of activities under joint and parallel cofinancing	349
	19 The added value of cofinancing	359
	...1 Preliminary remarks	359
	...2 Perceptions of cofinancing as an aid instrument	360
	...3 Findings on cofinancing as an aid instrument	361
	......1 Relations with the World Bank	361
	......2 Benefits for recipient countries	364
	......3 Advantages for the Netherlands	367
	...4 Overall conclusions	368
	Annexes
	1 The Policy and Operations Evauation Department (IOB)	373
	2 Organisation of the evaluation	375
	3 The World Bank: organisation, policies and portfolio management	381
	4 Background on the development cooperation policy of the Government of the Netherlands 1976–96	397
	5 Statistical annex	413
	Selected bibliography	473